Helle Sørensen, KVL Small sample distribution of the LR test in a random effects model Abstract We consider a class of random effects model and examine the small sample distribution of the likelihood ratio test statistic. The distribution turns out to depend strongly on the (unknown) heterogeneity parameter of the model. We consider a related overdispersion model in order to understand this dependence. The random effects models are often used in meta-analysis where results from (a few) related but independent studies are combined in order to achieve an estimate across studies. We will use such a meta-analysis, as well as an example with mixtures of pesticides, as illustrations.